講者 (Speaker): Dr. Elizabeth Rampe

美國 NASA 休士頓強生太空中心 探索任務科學家

Mars Research Scientist at NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, U.S.A.

摘要：當今的火星表面寒冷乾燥，主要的表面作用包括風力驅動的沙塵運輸、極區水冰與二氧化碳冰的昇華與再凝結，以及季節性地形溝槽的形成等。然而，在過去的地質時期，火星曾經是地質活動極為旺盛的行星。它擁有太陽系中最大的火山、綿延數千公里的峽谷系統，以及展現出大量液態水活動的河道與湖泊沉積物，這些特徵指出火星在約 30 至 40 億年前的環境與現今截然不同。

分布於火星古老火成岩與沉積岩中的礦物組成，是解讀該星球地質歷史的關鍵，尤其能揭示其岩漿演化過程與表面環境條件，例如過去地表與近地表水的酸鹼值（pH）、鹽度與溫度等。
本演講將介紹火星表面礦物的探測成果，涵蓋來自軌道遙測與就地探測（in-situ）的礦物學資料，並探討其對於火星地質演化的啟示，最後將展望未來火星礦物學研究的方向。

Abstract: The martian surface today is cold and dry, where wind-driven transport of sand and dust, sublimation and refreezing of H₂O and CO₂ ice near the poles, and seasonal gully formation are the most active surface processes. Mars was once much more geologically active. The red planet hosts the largest volcano in the solar system, a canyon system that is thousands of kilometers long, and river channels and lake deposits that indicate liquid water was common ~3 to 4 billion years ago. Minerals in these ancient igneous and sedimentary rocks on Mars are the key to understanding the planet’s geologic history, including magmatic evolution and surface conditions, like the pH, salinity, and temperature of past surface and near-surface waters. This presentation will discuss orbital and in-situ mineralogical detections, their implications for Mars’ geological evolution, and future directions for Mars mineralogy.